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IdentifyHoles

vtk-examples/Cxx/Meshes/IdentifyHoles

Description

This example fills the holes in a mesh and then extracts the filled holes as seprate regions.

The example proceeds as follow:

  1. Read the polydata.
  2. Fill the holes with vtkFillHolesFilter.
  3. Create a new polydata that contains the filled holes. To do this we rely on the fact that the fill holes filter stores the original cells first and then adds the new cells that fill the holes. Using vtkCellIterator, we skip the original cells and then continue iterating to obtain the new cells.
  4. Use vtkConnectivityFilter on the filled polydata to identify the individual holes.

Note

We have to use vtkConnectivtyFilter and not vtkPolyDataConnectivityFilter since the later does not create RegionIds cell data.

Question

If you have a question about this example, please use the VTK Discourse Forum

Code

IdentifyHoles.cxx

#include <vtkActor.h>
#include <vtkCamera.h>
#include <vtkCellData.h>
#include <vtkCellIterator.h>
#include <vtkConnectivityFilter.h>
#include <vtkDataSetMapper.h>
#include <vtkFillHolesFilter.h>
#include <vtkGenericCell.h>
#include <vtkNamedColors.h>
#include <vtkNew.h>
#include <vtkPointData.h>
#include <vtkPolyData.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataMapper.h>
#include <vtkPolyDataNormals.h>
#include <vtkProperty.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindow.h>
#include <vtkRenderWindowInteractor.h>
#include <vtkRenderer.h>
#include <vtkXMLPolyDataReader.h>

int main(int argc, char* argv[])
{
  vtkNew<vtkNamedColors> colors;

  if (argc < 2)
  {
    std::cout << "Usgae: " << argv[0] << " file.vtp e.g. Torso.vtp"
              << std::endl;
    return EXIT_FAILURE;
  }

  vtkNew<vtkXMLPolyDataReader> reader;
  reader->SetFileName(argv[1]);
  reader->Update();

  // Fill the holes
  vtkNew<vtkFillHolesFilter> fillHoles;
  fillHoles->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort());
  fillHoles->SetHoleSize(1000.0);

  // Make the triangle winding order consistent
  vtkNew<vtkPolyDataNormals> normals;
  normals->SetInputConnection(fillHoles->GetOutputPort());
  normals->ConsistencyOn();
  normals->SplittingOff();
  normals->Update();
  normals->GetOutput()->GetPointData()->SetNormals(
      reader->GetOutput()->GetPointData()->GetNormals());

  // How many added cells
  vtkIdType numOriginalCells = reader->GetOutput()->GetNumberOfCells();
  vtkIdType numNewCells = normals->GetOutput()->GetNumberOfCells();

  // Iterate over the original cells
  auto it = normals->GetOutput()->NewCellIterator();
  vtkIdType numCells = 0;
  for (it->InitTraversal();
       !it->IsDoneWithTraversal() && numCells < numOriginalCells;
       it->GoToNextCell(), ++numCells)
  {
  }
  std::cout << "Num original: " << numOriginalCells
            << ", Num new: " << numNewCells
            << ", Num added: " << numNewCells - numOriginalCells << std::endl;
  vtkNew<vtkPolyData> holePolyData;
  holePolyData->Allocate(normals->GetOutput(), numNewCells - numOriginalCells);
  holePolyData->SetPoints(normals->GetOutput()->GetPoints());

  vtkNew<vtkGenericCell> cell;

  // The remaining cells are the new ones from the hole filler
  for (; !it->IsDoneWithTraversal(); it->GoToNextCell())
  {
    it->GetCell(cell);
    holePolyData->InsertNextCell(it->GetCellType(), cell->GetPointIds());
  }
  it->Delete();

  // We have to use ConnectivtyFilter and not
  // PolyDataConnectivityFilter since the later does not create
  // RegionIds cell data.
  vtkNew<vtkConnectivityFilter> connectivity;
  connectivity->SetInputData(holePolyData);
  connectivity->SetExtractionModeToAllRegions();
  connectivity->ColorRegionsOn();
  connectivity->Update();
  std::cout << "Found " << connectivity->GetNumberOfExtractedRegions()
            << " holes" << std::endl;

  // Visualize

  // Create a mapper and actor for the fill polydata
  vtkNew<vtkDataSetMapper> filledMapper;
  filledMapper->SetInputConnection(connectivity->GetOutputPort());
  filledMapper->SetScalarModeToUseCellData();
  filledMapper->SetScalarRange(connectivity->GetOutput()
                                   ->GetCellData()
                                   ->GetArray("RegionId")
                                   ->GetRange());
  vtkNew<vtkActor> filledActor;
  filledActor->SetMapper(filledMapper);
  filledActor->GetProperty()->SetDiffuseColor(
      colors->GetColor3d("Peacock").GetData());

  // Create a mapper and actor for the original polydata
  vtkNew<vtkPolyDataMapper> originalMapper;
  originalMapper->SetInputConnection(reader->GetOutputPort());

  vtkNew<vtkProperty> backfaceProp;
  backfaceProp->SetDiffuseColor(colors->GetColor3d("Banana").GetData());

  vtkNew<vtkActor> originalActor;
  originalActor->SetMapper(originalMapper);
  originalActor->SetBackfaceProperty(backfaceProp);
  originalActor->GetProperty()->SetDiffuseColor(
      colors->GetColor3d("Flesh").GetData());
  originalActor->GetProperty()->SetRepresentationToWireframe();

  // Create a renderer, render window, and interactor
  vtkNew<vtkRenderer> renderer;

  vtkNew<vtkRenderWindow> renderWindow;
  renderWindow->SetSize(512, 512);
  renderWindow->AddRenderer(renderer);
  renderWindow->SetWindowName("IdentifyHoles");

  vtkNew<vtkRenderWindowInteractor> renderWindowInteractor;
  renderWindowInteractor->SetRenderWindow(renderWindow);

  // Add the actor to the scene
  renderer->AddActor(originalActor);
  renderer->AddActor(filledActor);
  renderer->SetBackground(colors->GetColor3d("Burlywood").GetData());

  renderer->GetActiveCamera()->SetPosition(0, -1, 0);
  renderer->GetActiveCamera()->SetFocalPoint(0, 0, 0);
  renderer->GetActiveCamera()->SetViewUp(0, 0, 1);
  renderer->GetActiveCamera()->Azimuth(60);
  renderer->GetActiveCamera()->Elevation(30);

  renderer->ResetCamera();
  // Render and interact
  renderWindow->Render();

  renderWindowInteractor->Start();

  return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.12 FATAL_ERROR)

project(IdentifyHoles)

find_package(VTK COMPONENTS 
)

if (NOT VTK_FOUND)
  message(FATAL_ERROR "IdentifyHoles: Unable to find the VTK build folder.")
endif()

# Prevent a "command line is too long" failure in Windows.
set(CMAKE_NINJA_FORCE_RESPONSE_FILE "ON" CACHE BOOL "Force Ninja to use response files.")
add_executable(IdentifyHoles MACOSX_BUNDLE IdentifyHoles.cxx )
  target_link_libraries(IdentifyHoles PRIVATE ${VTK_LIBRARIES}
)
# vtk_module_autoinit is needed
vtk_module_autoinit(
  TARGETS IdentifyHoles
  MODULES ${VTK_LIBRARIES}
)

Download and Build IdentifyHoles

Click here to download IdentifyHoles and its CMakeLists.txt file. Once the tarball IdentifyHoles.tar has been downloaded and extracted,

cd IdentifyHoles/build

If VTK is installed:

cmake ..

If VTK is not installed but compiled on your system, you will need to specify the path to your VTK build:

cmake -DVTK_DIR:PATH=/home/me/vtk_build ..

Build the project:

make

and run it:

./IdentifyHoles

WINDOWS USERS

Be sure to add the VTK bin directory to your path. This will resolve the VTK dll's at run time.